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Properties of
Laser Light

How Laser
Energy is Generated

Laser Tissue Interaction

Holmium Laser
in Endourology

Anatomy of a Laser Pulse

Understanding Energy Density

Safety Precautions

Ocular Hazards

Skin Hazards

Other Hazards

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Skin Hazards

Direct the distal tip of the fiber only at the surgical target. Laser exposure on unprotected skin may cause severe skin burns.